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package java.util;

import jdk.internal.util.NullableKeyValueHolder;

/**
 * A Map that has a well-defined encounter order, that supports operations at both ends, and
 * that is reversible. The <a href="SequencedCollection.html#encounter">encounter order</a>
 * of a {@code SequencedMap} is similar to that of the elements of a {@link SequencedCollection},
 * but the ordering applies to mappings instead of individual elements.
 * <p>
 * The bulk operations on this map, including the {@link #forEach forEach} and the
 * {@link #replaceAll replaceAll} methods, operate on this map's mappings in
 * encounter order.
 * <p>
 * The view collections provided by the
 * {@link #keySet keySet},
 * {@link #values values},
 * {@link #entrySet entrySet},
 * {@link #sequencedKeySet sequencedKeySet},
 * {@link #sequencedValues sequencedValues},
 * and
 * {@link #sequencedEntrySet sequencedEntrySet} methods all reflect the encounter order
 * of this map. Even though the return values of the {@code keySet}, {@code values}, and
 * {@code entrySet} methods are not sequenced <i>types</i>, the elements
 * in those view collections do reflect the encounter order of this map. Thus, the
 * iterators returned by the statements
 * {@snippet :
 *     var it1 = sequencedMap.entrySet().iterator();
 *     var it2 = sequencedMap.sequencedEntrySet().iterator();
 * }
 * both provide the mappings of {@code sequencedMap} in that map's encounter order.
 * <p>
 * This interface provides methods to add mappings, to retrieve mappings, and to remove
 * mappings at either end of the map's encounter order.
 * <p>
 * This interface also defines the {@link #reversed} method, which provides a
 * reverse-ordered <a href="Collection.html#view">view</a> of this map.
 * In the reverse-ordered view, the concepts of first and last are inverted, as
 * are the concepts of successor and predecessor. The first mapping of this map
 * is the last mapping of the reverse-ordered view, and vice-versa. The successor of some
 * mapping in this map is its predecessor in the reversed view, and vice-versa. All
 * methods that respect the encounter order of the map operate as if the encounter order
 * is inverted. For instance, the {@link #forEach forEach} method of the reversed view reports
 * the mappings in order from the last mapping of this map to the first. In addition, all of
 * the view collections of the reversed view also reflect the inverse of this map's
 * encounter order. For example,
 * {@snippet :
 *     var itr = sequencedMap.reversed().entrySet().iterator();
 * }
 * provides the mappings of this map in the inverse of the encounter order, that is, from
 * the last mapping to the first mapping. The availability of the {@code reversed} method,
 * and its impact on the ordering semantics of all applicable methods and views, allow convenient
 * iteration, searching, copying, and streaming of this map's mappings in either forward order or
 * reverse order.
 * <p>
 * A map's reverse-ordered view is generally not serializable, even if the original
 * map is serializable.
 * <p>
 * The {@link Map.Entry} instances obtained by iterating the {@link #entrySet} view, the
 * {@link #sequencedEntrySet} view, and its reverse-ordered view, maintain a connection to the
 * underlying map. This connection is guaranteed only during the iteration. It is unspecified
 * whether the connection is maintained outside of the iteration. If the underlying map permits
 * it, calling an Entry's {@link Map.Entry#setValue setValue} method will modify the value of the
 * underlying mapping. It is, however, unspecified whether modifications to the value in the
 * underlying mapping are visible in the {@code Entry} instance.
 * <p>
 * The methods
 * {@link #firstEntry},
 * {@link #lastEntry},
 * {@link #pollFirstEntry}, and
 * {@link #pollLastEntry}
 * return {@link Map.Entry} instances that represent snapshots of mappings as
 * of the time of the call. They do <em>not</em> support mutation of the
 * underlying map via the optional {@link Map.Entry#setValue setValue} method.
 * <p>
 * Depending upon the implementation, the {@code Entry} instances returned by other
 * means might or might not be connected to the underlying map. For example, consider
 * an {@code Entry} obtained in the following manner:
 * {@snippet :
 *     var entry = sequencedMap.sequencedEntrySet().getFirst();
 * }
 * It is not specified by this interface whether the {@code setValue} method of the
 * {@code Entry} thus obtained will update a mapping in the underlying map, or whether
 * it will throw an exception, or whether changes to the underlying map are visible in
 * that {@code Entry}.
 * <p>
 * This interface has the same requirements on the {@code equals} and {@code hashCode}
 * methods as defined by {@link Map#equals Map.equals} and {@link Map#hashCode Map.hashCode}.
 * Thus, a {@code Map} and a {@code SequencedMap} will compare equals if and only
 * if they have equal mappings, irrespective of ordering.
 * <p>
 * This class is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/package-summary.html#CollectionsFramework">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map
 * @param <V> the type of mapped values
 * @since 21
 */
public interface SequencedMap<K, V> extends Map<K, V> {
    /**
     * Returns a reverse-ordered <a href="Collection.html#view">view</a> of this map.
     * The encounter order of mappings in the returned view is the inverse of the encounter
     * order of mappings in this map. The reverse ordering affects all order-sensitive operations,
     * including those on the view collections of the returned view. If the implementation permits
     * modifications to this view, the modifications "write through" to the underlying map.
     * Changes to the underlying map might or might not be visible in this reversed view,
     * depending upon the implementation.
     *
     * @return a reverse-ordered view of this map
     */
    SequencedMap<K, V> reversed();

    /**
     * Returns the first key-value mapping in this map,
     * or {@code null} if the map is empty.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation in this interface obtains the iterator of this map's entrySet.
     * If the iterator has an element, it returns an unmodifiable copy of that element.
     * Otherwise, it returns null.
     *
     * @return the first key-value mapping,
     *         or {@code null} if this map is empty
     */
    default Map.Entry<K,V> firstEntry() {
        var it = entrySet().iterator();
        return it.hasNext() ? new NullableKeyValueHolder<>(it.next()) : null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the last key-value mapping in this map,
     * or {@code null} if the map is empty.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation in this interface obtains the iterator of the entrySet of this map's
     * reversed view. If the iterator has an element, it returns an unmodifiable copy of
     * that element. Otherwise, it returns null.
     *
     * @return the last key-value mapping,
     *         or {@code null} if this map is empty
     */
    default Map.Entry<K,V> lastEntry() {
        var it = reversed().entrySet().iterator();
        return it.hasNext() ? new NullableKeyValueHolder<>(it.next()) : null;
    }

    /**
     * Removes and returns the first key-value mapping in this map,
     * or {@code null} if the map is empty (optional operation).
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation in this interface obtains the iterator of this map's entrySet.
     * If the iterator has an element, it calls {@code remove} on the iterator and
     * then returns an unmodifiable copy of that element. Otherwise, it returns null.
     *
     * @return the removed first entry of this map,
     *         or {@code null} if this map is empty
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this collection implementation does not
     *         support this operation
     */
    default Map.Entry<K,V> pollFirstEntry() {
        var it = entrySet().iterator();
        if (it.hasNext()) {
            var entry = new NullableKeyValueHolder<>(it.next());
            it.remove();
            return entry;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes and returns the last key-value mapping in this map,
     * or {@code null} if the map is empty (optional operation).
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation in this interface obtains the iterator of the entrySet of this map's
     * reversed view. If the iterator has an element, it calls {@code remove} on the iterator
     * and then returns an unmodifiable copy of that element. Otherwise, it returns null.
     *
     * @return the removed last entry of this map,
     *         or {@code null} if this map is empty
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this collection implementation does not
     *         support this operation
     */
    default Map.Entry<K,V> pollLastEntry() {
        var it = reversed().entrySet().iterator();
        if (it.hasNext()) {
            var entry = new NullableKeyValueHolder<>(it.next());
            it.remove();
            return entry;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the given mapping into the map if it is not already present, or replaces the
     * value of a mapping if it is already present (optional operation). After this operation
     * completes normally, the given mapping will be present in this map, and it will be the
     * first mapping in this map's encounter order.
     *
     * @implSpec The implementation in this interface always throws
     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @param k the key
     * @param v the value
     * @return the value previously associated with k, or null if none
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this collection implementation does not
     *         support this operation
     */
    default V putFirst(K k, V v) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the given mapping into the map if it is not already present, or replaces the
     * value of a mapping if it is already present (optional operation). After this operation
     * completes normally, the given mapping will be present in this map, and it will be the
     * last mapping in this map's encounter order.
     *
     * @implSpec The implementation in this interface always throws
     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @param k the key
     * @param v the value
     * @return the value previously associated with k, or null if none
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this collection implementation does not
     *         support this operation
     */
    default V putLast(K k, V v) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code SequencedSet} view of this map's {@link #keySet keySet}.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation in this interface returns a {@code SequencedSet} instance
     * that behaves as follows. Its {@link SequencedSet#add add} and {@link
     * SequencedSet#addAll addAll} methods throw {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     * Its {@link SequencedSet#reversed reversed} method returns the {@link
     * #sequencedKeySet sequencedKeySet} view of the {@link #reversed reversed} view of
     * this map. Each of its other methods calls the corresponding method of the {@link
     * #keySet keySet} view of this map.
     *
     * @return a {@code SequencedSet} view of this map's {@code keySet}
     */
    default SequencedSet<K> sequencedKeySet() {
        class SeqKeySet extends AbstractMap.ViewCollection<K> implements SequencedSet<K> {
            Collection<K> view() {
                return SequencedMap.this.keySet();
            }
            public SequencedSet<K> reversed() {
                return SequencedMap.this.reversed().sequencedKeySet();
            }
            public boolean equals(Object other) {
                return view().equals(other);
            }
            public int hashCode() {
                return view().hashCode();
            }
        }
        return new SeqKeySet();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code SequencedCollection} view of this map's {@link #values values} collection.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation in this interface returns a {@code SequencedCollection} instance
     * that behaves as follows. Its {@link SequencedCollection#add add} and {@link
     * SequencedCollection#addAll addAll} methods throw {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     * Its {@link SequencedCollection#reversed reversed} method returns the {@link
     * #sequencedValues sequencedValues} view of the {@link #reversed reversed} view of
     * this map. Its {@link Object#equals equals} and {@link Object#hashCode hashCode} methods
     * are inherited from {@link Object}. Each of its other methods calls the corresponding
     * method of the {@link #values values} view of this map.
     *
     * @return a {@code SequencedCollection} view of this map's {@code values} collection
     */
    default SequencedCollection<V> sequencedValues() {
        class SeqValues extends AbstractMap.ViewCollection<V> implements SequencedCollection<V> {
            Collection<V> view() {
                return SequencedMap.this.values();
            }
            public SequencedCollection<V> reversed() {
                return SequencedMap.this.reversed().sequencedValues();
            }
        }
        return new SeqValues();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code SequencedSet} view of this map's {@link #entrySet entrySet}.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation in this interface returns a {@code SequencedSet} instance
     * that behaves as follows. Its {@link SequencedSet#add add} and {@link
     * SequencedSet#addAll addAll} methods throw {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     * Its {@link SequencedSet#reversed reversed} method returns the {@link
     * #sequencedEntrySet sequencedEntrySet} view of the {@link #reversed reversed} view of
     * this map. Each of its other methods calls the corresponding method of the {@link
     * #entrySet entrySet} view of this map.
     *
     * @return a {@code SequencedSet} view of this map's {@code entrySet}
     */
    default SequencedSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> sequencedEntrySet() {
        class SeqEntrySet extends AbstractMap.ViewCollection<Map.Entry<K, V>>
                implements SequencedSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
            Collection<Map.Entry<K, V>> view() {
                return SequencedMap.this.entrySet();
            }
            public SequencedSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> reversed() {
                return SequencedMap.this.reversed().sequencedEntrySet();
            }
            public boolean equals(Object other) {
                return view().equals(other);
            }
            public int hashCode() {
                return view().hashCode();
            }
        }
        return new SeqEntrySet();
    }
}