491 lines
22 KiB
Java
491 lines
22 KiB
Java
/*
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* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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*
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* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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*
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* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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* accompanied this code).
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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*
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* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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* questions.
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*/
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/*
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* This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
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* License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
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* However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
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* file:
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*
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
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* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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*/
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package java.util.concurrent.locks;
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import java.util.Date;
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import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
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/**
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* {@code Condition} factors out the {@code Object} monitor
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* methods ({@link Object#wait() wait}, {@link Object#notify notify}
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* and {@link Object#notifyAll notifyAll}) into distinct objects to
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* give the effect of having multiple wait-sets per object, by
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* combining them with the use of arbitrary {@link Lock} implementations.
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* Where a {@code Lock} replaces the use of {@code synchronized} methods
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* and statements, a {@code Condition} replaces the use of the Object
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* monitor methods.
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*
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* <p>Conditions (also known as <em>condition queues</em> or
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* <em>condition variables</em>) provide a means for one thread to
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* suspend execution (to "wait") until notified by another
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* thread that some state condition may now be true. Because access
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* to this shared state information occurs in different threads, it
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* must be protected, so a lock of some form is associated with the
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* condition. The key property that waiting for a condition provides
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* is that it <em>atomically</em> releases the associated lock and
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* suspends the current thread, just like {@code Object.wait}.
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*
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* <p>A {@code Condition} instance is intrinsically bound to a lock.
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* To obtain a {@code Condition} instance for a particular {@link Lock}
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* instance use its {@link Lock#newCondition newCondition()} method.
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*
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* <p>As an example, suppose we have a bounded buffer which supports
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* {@code put} and {@code take} methods. If a
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* {@code take} is attempted on an empty buffer, then the thread will block
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* until an item becomes available; if a {@code put} is attempted on a
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* full buffer, then the thread will block until a space becomes available.
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* We would like to keep waiting {@code put} threads and {@code take}
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* threads in separate wait-sets so that we can use the optimization of
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* only notifying a single thread at a time when items or spaces become
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* available in the buffer. This can be achieved using two
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* {@link Condition} instances.
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* <pre>
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* class BoundedBuffer<E> {
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* <b>final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();</b>
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* final Condition notFull = <b>lock.newCondition(); </b>
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* final Condition notEmpty = <b>lock.newCondition(); </b>
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*
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* final Object[] items = new Object[100];
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* int putptr, takeptr, count;
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*
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* public void put(E x) throws InterruptedException {
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* <b>lock.lock();
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* try {</b>
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* while (count == items.length)
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* <b>notFull.await();</b>
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* items[putptr] = x;
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* if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0;
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* ++count;
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* <b>notEmpty.signal();</b>
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* <b>} finally {
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* lock.unlock();
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* }</b>
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* }
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*
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* public E take() throws InterruptedException {
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* <b>lock.lock();
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* try {</b>
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* while (count == 0)
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* <b>notEmpty.await();</b>
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* E x = (E) items[takeptr];
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* if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0;
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* --count;
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* <b>notFull.signal();</b>
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* return x;
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* <b>} finally {
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* lock.unlock();
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* }</b>
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* }
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* }
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* </pre>
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*
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* (The {@link java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue} class provides
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* this functionality, so there is no reason to implement this
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* sample usage class.)
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*
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* <p>A {@code Condition} implementation can provide behavior and semantics
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* that is
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* different from that of the {@code Object} monitor methods, such as
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* guaranteed ordering for notifications, or not requiring a lock to be held
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* when performing notifications.
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* If an implementation provides such specialized semantics then the
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* implementation must document those semantics.
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*
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* <p>Note that {@code Condition} instances are just normal objects and can
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* themselves be used as the target in a {@code synchronized} statement,
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* and can have their own monitor {@link Object#wait wait} and
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* {@link Object#notify notify} methods invoked.
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* Acquiring the monitor lock of a {@code Condition} instance, or using its
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* monitor methods, has no specified relationship with acquiring the
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* {@link Lock} associated with that {@code Condition} or the use of its
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* {@linkplain #await waiting} and {@linkplain #signal signalling} methods.
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* It is recommended that to avoid confusion you never use {@code Condition}
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* instances in this way, except perhaps within their own implementation.
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*
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* <p>Except where noted, passing a {@code null} value for any parameter
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* will result in a {@link NullPointerException} being thrown.
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*
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* <h2>Implementation Considerations</h2>
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*
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* <p>When waiting upon a {@code Condition}, a "<em>spurious
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* wakeup</em>" is permitted to occur, in
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* general, as a concession to the underlying platform semantics.
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* This has little practical impact on most application programs as a
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* {@code Condition} should always be waited upon in a loop, testing
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* the state predicate that is being waited for. An implementation is
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* free to remove the possibility of spurious wakeups but it is
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* recommended that applications programmers always assume that they can
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* occur and so always wait in a loop.
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*
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* <p>The three forms of condition waiting
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* (interruptible, non-interruptible, and timed) may differ in their ease of
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* implementation on some platforms and in their performance characteristics.
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* In particular, it may be difficult to provide these features and maintain
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* specific semantics such as ordering guarantees.
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* Further, the ability to interrupt the actual suspension of the thread may
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* not always be feasible to implement on all platforms.
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*
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* <p>Consequently, an implementation is not required to define exactly the
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* same guarantees or semantics for all three forms of waiting, nor is it
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* required to support interruption of the actual suspension of the thread.
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*
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* <p>An implementation is required to
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* clearly document the semantics and guarantees provided by each of the
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* waiting methods, and when an implementation does support interruption of
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* thread suspension then it must obey the interruption semantics as defined
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* in this interface.
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*
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* <p>As interruption generally implies cancellation, and checks for
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* interruption are often infrequent, an implementation can favor responding
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* to an interrupt over normal method return. This is true even if it can be
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* shown that the interrupt occurred after another action that may have
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* unblocked the thread. An implementation should document this behavior.
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*
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* @since 1.5
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* @author Doug Lea
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*/
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public interface Condition {
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/**
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* Causes the current thread to wait until it is signalled or
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* {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
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*
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* <p>The lock associated with this {@code Condition} is atomically
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* released and the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
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* purposes and lies dormant until <em>one</em> of four things happens:
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* <ul>
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signal} method for this
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* {@code Condition} and the current thread happens to be chosen as the
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* thread to be awakened; or
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signalAll} method for this
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* {@code Condition}; or
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* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts} the
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* current thread, and interruption of thread suspension is supported; or
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* <li>A "<em>spurious wakeup</em>" occurs.
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* </ul>
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*
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* <p>In all cases, before this method can return the current thread must
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* re-acquire the lock associated with this condition. When the
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* thread returns it is <em>guaranteed</em> to hold this lock.
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*
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* <p>If the current thread:
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* <ul>
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* <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
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* <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting
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* and interruption of thread suspension is supported,
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* </ul>
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* then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
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* interrupted status is cleared. It is not specified, in the first
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* case, whether or not the test for interruption occurs before the lock
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* is released.
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*
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* <p><b>Implementation Considerations</b>
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*
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* <p>The current thread is assumed to hold the lock associated with this
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* {@code Condition} when this method is called.
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* It is up to the implementation to determine if this is
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* the case and if not, how to respond. Typically, an exception will be
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* thrown (such as {@link IllegalMonitorStateException}) and the
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* implementation must document that fact.
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*
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* <p>An implementation can favor responding to an interrupt over normal
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* method return in response to a signal. In that case the implementation
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* must ensure that the signal is redirected to another waiting thread, if
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* there is one.
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*
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* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
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* (and interruption of thread suspension is supported)
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*/
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void await() throws InterruptedException;
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/**
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* Causes the current thread to wait until it is signalled.
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*
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* <p>The lock associated with this condition is atomically
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* released and the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
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* purposes and lies dormant until <em>one</em> of three things happens:
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* <ul>
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signal} method for this
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* {@code Condition} and the current thread happens to be chosen as the
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* thread to be awakened; or
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signalAll} method for this
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* {@code Condition}; or
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* <li>A "<em>spurious wakeup</em>" occurs.
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* </ul>
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*
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* <p>In all cases, before this method can return the current thread must
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* re-acquire the lock associated with this condition. When the
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* thread returns it is <em>guaranteed</em> to hold this lock.
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*
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* <p>If the current thread's interrupted status is set when it enters
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* this method, or it is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}
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* while waiting, it will continue to wait until signalled. When it finally
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* returns from this method its interrupted status will still
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* be set.
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*
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* <p><b>Implementation Considerations</b>
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*
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* <p>The current thread is assumed to hold the lock associated with this
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* {@code Condition} when this method is called.
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* It is up to the implementation to determine if this is
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* the case and if not, how to respond. Typically, an exception will be
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* thrown (such as {@link IllegalMonitorStateException}) and the
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* implementation must document that fact.
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*/
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void awaitUninterruptibly();
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/**
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* Causes the current thread to wait until it is signalled or interrupted,
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* or the specified waiting time elapses.
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*
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* <p>The lock associated with this condition is atomically
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* released and the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
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* purposes and lies dormant until <em>one</em> of five things happens:
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* <ul>
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signal} method for this
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* {@code Condition} and the current thread happens to be chosen as the
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* thread to be awakened; or
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signalAll} method for this
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* {@code Condition}; or
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* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts} the
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* current thread, and interruption of thread suspension is supported; or
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* <li>The specified waiting time elapses; or
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* <li>A "<em>spurious wakeup</em>" occurs.
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* </ul>
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*
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* <p>In all cases, before this method can return the current thread must
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* re-acquire the lock associated with this condition. When the
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* thread returns it is <em>guaranteed</em> to hold this lock.
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*
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* <p>If the current thread:
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* <ul>
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* <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
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* <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting
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* and interruption of thread suspension is supported,
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* </ul>
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* then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
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* interrupted status is cleared. It is not specified, in the first
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* case, whether or not the test for interruption occurs before the lock
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* is released.
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*
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* <p>The method returns an estimate of the number of nanoseconds
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* remaining to wait given the supplied {@code nanosTimeout}
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* value upon return, or a value less than or equal to zero if it
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* timed out. This value can be used to determine whether and how
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* long to re-wait in cases where the wait returns but an awaited
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* condition still does not hold. Typical uses of this method take
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* the following form:
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*
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* <pre> {@code
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* boolean aMethod(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
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* throws InterruptedException {
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* long nanosRemaining = unit.toNanos(timeout);
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* lock.lock();
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* try {
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* while (!conditionBeingWaitedFor()) {
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* if (nanosRemaining <= 0L)
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* return false;
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* nanosRemaining = theCondition.awaitNanos(nanosRemaining);
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* }
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* // ...
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* return true;
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* } finally {
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* lock.unlock();
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* }
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* }}</pre>
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*
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* <p>Design note: This method requires a nanosecond argument so
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* as to avoid truncation errors in reporting remaining times.
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* Such precision loss would make it difficult for programmers to
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* ensure that total waiting times are not systematically shorter
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* than specified when re-waits occur.
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*
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* <p><b>Implementation Considerations</b>
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*
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* <p>The current thread is assumed to hold the lock associated with this
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* {@code Condition} when this method is called.
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* It is up to the implementation to determine if this is
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* the case and if not, how to respond. Typically, an exception will be
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* thrown (such as {@link IllegalMonitorStateException}) and the
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* implementation must document that fact.
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*
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* <p>An implementation can favor responding to an interrupt over normal
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* method return in response to a signal, or over indicating the elapse
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* of the specified waiting time. In either case the implementation
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* must ensure that the signal is redirected to another waiting thread, if
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* there is one.
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*
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* @param nanosTimeout the maximum time to wait, in nanoseconds
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* @return an estimate of the {@code nanosTimeout} value minus
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* the time spent waiting upon return from this method.
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* A positive value may be used as the argument to a
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* subsequent call to this method to finish waiting out
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* the desired time. A value less than or equal to zero
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* indicates that no time remains.
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* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
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* (and interruption of thread suspension is supported)
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*/
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long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException;
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/**
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* Causes the current thread to wait until it is signalled or interrupted,
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* or the specified waiting time elapses. This method is behaviorally
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* equivalent to:
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* <pre> {@code awaitNanos(unit.toNanos(time)) > 0}</pre>
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*
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* @param time the maximum time to wait
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* @param unit the time unit of the {@code time} argument
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* @return {@code false} if the waiting time detectably elapsed
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* before return from the method, else {@code true}
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* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
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* (and interruption of thread suspension is supported)
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*/
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boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;
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/**
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* Causes the current thread to wait until it is signalled or interrupted,
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* or the specified deadline elapses.
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*
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* <p>The lock associated with this condition is atomically
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* released and the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
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* purposes and lies dormant until <em>one</em> of five things happens:
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* <ul>
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signal} method for this
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* {@code Condition} and the current thread happens to be chosen as the
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* thread to be awakened; or
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* <li>Some other thread invokes the {@link #signalAll} method for this
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* {@code Condition}; or
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* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts} the
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* current thread, and interruption of thread suspension is supported; or
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* <li>The specified deadline elapses; or
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* <li>A "<em>spurious wakeup</em>" occurs.
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* </ul>
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*
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* <p>In all cases, before this method can return the current thread must
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* re-acquire the lock associated with this condition. When the
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* thread returns it is <em>guaranteed</em> to hold this lock.
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*
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* <p>If the current thread:
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* <ul>
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* <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
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* <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting
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* and interruption of thread suspension is supported,
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* </ul>
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* then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
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* interrupted status is cleared. It is not specified, in the first
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* case, whether or not the test for interruption occurs before the lock
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* is released.
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*
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* <p>The return value indicates whether the deadline has elapsed,
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* which can be used as follows:
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* <pre> {@code
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* boolean aMethod(Date deadline)
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* throws InterruptedException {
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* boolean stillWaiting = true;
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* lock.lock();
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* try {
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* while (!conditionBeingWaitedFor()) {
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* if (!stillWaiting)
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* return false;
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* stillWaiting = theCondition.awaitUntil(deadline);
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* }
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* // ...
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* return true;
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* } finally {
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* lock.unlock();
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* }
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* }}</pre>
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*
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* <p><b>Implementation Considerations</b>
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*
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|
* <p>The current thread is assumed to hold the lock associated with this
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|
* {@code Condition} when this method is called.
|
|
* It is up to the implementation to determine if this is
|
|
* the case and if not, how to respond. Typically, an exception will be
|
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* thrown (such as {@link IllegalMonitorStateException}) and the
|
|
* implementation must document that fact.
|
|
*
|
|
* <p>An implementation can favor responding to an interrupt over normal
|
|
* method return in response to a signal, or over indicating the passing
|
|
* of the specified deadline. In either case the implementation
|
|
* must ensure that the signal is redirected to another waiting thread, if
|
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* there is one.
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*
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* @param deadline the absolute time to wait until
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* @return {@code false} if the deadline has elapsed upon return, else
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* {@code true}
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* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
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* (and interruption of thread suspension is supported)
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*/
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boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline) throws InterruptedException;
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/**
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* Wakes up one waiting thread.
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*
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* <p>If any threads are waiting on this condition then one
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* is selected for waking up. That thread must then re-acquire the
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* lock before returning from {@code await}.
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*
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* <p><b>Implementation Considerations</b>
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*
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|
* <p>An implementation may (and typically does) require that the
|
|
* current thread hold the lock associated with this {@code
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|
* Condition} when this method is called. Implementations must
|
|
* document this precondition and any actions taken if the lock is
|
|
* not held. Typically, an exception such as {@link
|
|
* IllegalMonitorStateException} will be thrown.
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|
*/
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|
void signal();
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|
|
|
/**
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* Wakes up all waiting threads.
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|
*
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|
* <p>If any threads are waiting on this condition then they are
|
|
* all woken up. Each thread must re-acquire the lock before it can
|
|
* return from {@code await}.
|
|
*
|
|
* <p><b>Implementation Considerations</b>
|
|
*
|
|
* <p>An implementation may (and typically does) require that the
|
|
* current thread hold the lock associated with this {@code
|
|
* Condition} when this method is called. Implementations must
|
|
* document this precondition and any actions taken if the lock is
|
|
* not held. Typically, an exception such as {@link
|
|
* IllegalMonitorStateException} will be thrown.
|
|
*/
|
|
void signalAll();
|
|
}
|